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Equation 40 · The Clock That Comes Back Wrong by Exactly Its Mass

What does this equation mean?

Φ[LG]=m b⋅v/ℏ\Phi[\mathcal L_{\rm G}]=m\,\mathbf b\cdot\mathbf v/\hbar

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Inputs and operationsmmathbf b × mathbf v/hbar
Result or conditionPhi[mathcal L_rm G]
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This equation states an equality: the expressions on both sides have the same value under the article’s assumptions. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.

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Φ\Phi

Symbol Phi

dimensionless as a phase must be, and mass is recoverable from it as.

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LGL_{\rm G}

Symbol L_rm G

LrL_rm G is part of the quantity the equation computes from the expression on the right.

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mm

Symbol m

the mass.

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bb

Symbol b

b is one factor in the product that computes the quantity on the left.

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vv

Symbol v

v is one factor in the product that computes the quantity on the left.

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=

=

The expressions on both sides represent the same quantity under the stated assumptions.

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multiplication

multiplication

Multiply the quantities on either side.

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subscript

subscript

The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.

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How to interpret it

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What the article says around this equation

Call Φ\Phi[LG\mathcal L_{\rm G}]=m\,b\mathbf b⋅\cdotv\mathbf v/ℏ\hbar the loop’s phase debt : what the representation charges for a loop the classical group considered free. The loop invariant b\mathbf b⋅\cdotv\mathbf v carries units of m2 s−1\mathrm{m^2\,s^{-1}} , exactly the units of ℏ\hbar/mass\text{mass} , so Φ\Phi is dimensionless as a phase must be, and mass is recoverable from it as

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