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Equation 11 · Part 3 · How AI Datacenter Interconnects Actually Work

=

Rline=2 RbaudR_{\mathrm{line}} = 2\,R_{\mathrm{baud}}
=

What this part means

The expressions on both sides represent the same quantity under the stated assumptions.

Its job in the formula

The equals sign connects the complete expression on the left with the complete expression on the right. Both sides must have compatible units.

The passage around this formula

Modern high-rate Ethernet lanes use PAM4 modulation: instead of encoding one bit per symbol as ordinary NRZ signaling does, PAM4 uses four distinct voltage levels to encode two bits per symbol, so a lane’s bit rate runs at twice its baud (symbol) rate rather than matching it one for one. Writing RbaudR_{\mathrm{baud}} for the symbol rate and RlineR_{\mathrm{line}} for the resulting line rate, Rline=2 RbaudR_{\mathrm{line}} = 2\,R_{\mathrm{baud}}. which is exactly the relationship documented for real 400G optics: a 26.5625 Gbaud lane carries 53.125 Gb/s in an eight-lane configuration, and a 53.125 Gbaud lane carries 106.25 Gb/s in a four-lane configuration [ 8 ] . That doubling is not free. Four voltage levels packed into the same…

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Learn the underlying idea

An equals sign says that the expression on its left and the expression on its right have the same value under the stated definitions and assumptions.

Open the illustrated equality: what the equals sign claims guide →

Sources cited in the surrounding passage

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.