Symbol Δ
Δ is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
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Why this formula appears here
where tasks are indexed by x , s(x) is the value-added share of task x , I is the automation frontier below which capital performs the task, N is the upper edge of the task space where new tasks appear, and scales the induced demand from higher output. The expression is illustrative of the structure rather than a reproduction of any published estimating equation; the substantive claim it encodes is that the sign of L is not determined by the size of I alone.
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Symbol L
L is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
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Read this expression with the definitions, units, and assumptions supplied by the article.
Research cited beside this formula
- [10] Automation and New Tasks: How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor ↗
- [11] The Race between Man and Machine: Implications of Technology for Growth, Factor Shares, and Employment ↗
- [12] Tasks, Automation, and the Rise in U.S. Wage Inequality ↗
- [19] New Frontiers: The Origins and Content of New Work, 1940-2018 ↗
Published contexts (2)
A symbol can carry a different meaning in another article. Each occurrence keeps its own guide and term definitions.
Equation 12 · Labour & Technology
What the Machine Breakers Actually Wanted
This mathematical expression combines the displayed quantities; its precise role follows from the surrounding article text.
where tasks are indexed by x , s(x) is the value-added share of task x , I is the automation frontier below which capital performs the task, N is the upper edge of the task space where new tasks appear, and scales the induced demand from higher output. The expression is illustrative of the structure rather than a reproduction of any published estimating equation; the substantive claim it encodes is that the sign of L is not determined by the size of I alone.
Equation guide → · Article →Equation 14 · Labour & Technology
What the Machine Breakers Actually Wanted
This mathematical expression combines the displayed quantities; its precise role follows from the surrounding article text.
What is genuinely different is the exposure profile, not the mechanism. Routine-biased technical change hollowed the middle because rule-following tasks were the cheapest to codify [ 13 , 15 ] . Language models are strongest where output is text-shaped, tacitly specified and cheaply verified — which places a substantial share of professional and clerical work inside the exposure set for the first time. That changes who is exposed. It does not change the task-based arithmetic, and it does not by itself determine the sign of L .
Equation guide → · Article →