Equation 21 · Part 6 · What Alignment Actually Costs
multiplication
multiplication
What this part means
Multiply the quantities on either side.
Its job in the formula
Multiply the quantities on either side.
Full expression→multiplication→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
A useful, explicitly illustrative way to see the size of that gap is to price coverage directly as a scenario, not a reported figure: . the cost of testing D domains to an adequate depth h (in expert-hours per domain) at a specialist wage w . Anchoring h at roughly 150 hours, taken from Anthropic’s single-domain biosecurity effort, and w at a conservative 50 to 100 US dollars an hour for domain expertise — well below typical consulting rates for the specialists these programmes actually recruit — testing even fifty domains to that depth, a small number next to the realistic combination of languages, deployment surfaces, and misuse categories a deployed model faces, comes…
Learn the underlying idea
Multiplication scales one quantity by another. A dot, a cross, or adjacent symbols can indicate a product.
Open the illustrated multiplication: combining factors guide →
Sources cited in the article section
- [5] Red Teaming Language Models to Reduce Harms: Methods, Scaling Behaviors, and Lessons Learned ↗
- [6] GPT-4 System Card ↗
- [7] Frontier Threats Red Teaming for AI Safety ↗
- [8] Generative Red Team Recap ↗
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.