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Equation 21 · Part 6 · What Alignment Actually Costs

multiplication

Ccov(D)=D⋅h⋅w,C_{\mathrm{cov}}(D) = D \cdot h \cdot w,
multiplication

What this part means

Multiply the quantities on either side.

Its job in the formula

Multiply the quantities on either side.

The passage around this formula

A useful, explicitly illustrative way to see the size of that gap is to price coverage directly as a scenario, not a reported figure: Ccov(D)=D⋅h⋅wC_{\mathrm{cov}}(D) = D \cdot h \cdot w. the cost of testing D domains to an adequate depth h (in expert-hours per domain) at a specialist wage w . Anchoring h at roughly 150 hours, taken from Anthropic’s single-domain biosecurity effort, and w at a conservative 50 to 100 US dollars an hour for domain expertise — well below typical consulting rates for the specialists these programmes actually recruit — testing even fifty domains to that depth, a small number next to the realistic combination of languages, deployment surfaces, and misuse categories a deployed model faces, comes…

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Learn the underlying idea

Multiplication scales one quantity by another. A dot, a cross, or adjacent symbols can indicate a product.

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Sources cited in the article section

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