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Equation 19 · Part 1 · The Type Chart Is a Payoff Matrix, and the Metagame Only Half-Solves It

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2.3×10132.3\times10^{13}
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What this part means

A raised number can be a power. When it is a label or bound, it selects a case or the upper limit of a sum; the formula’s structure distinguishes these uses.

Its job in the formula

A raised mark can be a power or an index. Its position and the surrounding notation determine which.

The passage around this formula

Scoring the fit with Kullback–Leibler divergence, DKL(p ∥ q)D_{\mathrm{KL}}(p \,\|\, q) = ∑i\sum_i pip_i log⁡2(pi/qi)\log_2(p_i/q_i) , from the observed August distribution to each candidate: the solved game scores 10.15 bits, the uniform null scores 0.045 bits, and July’s raw persistence scores 0.00068 bits. On a chi-square test against the eight species’ actual August battle counts (summing to 2,137,239 team-appearances, treating each candidate distribution as the expected shares), the solved game scores approximately 2.3×\times10^{13} — a figure that large only because the model assigns four real, frequently-played species an expected share of essentially zero, and squaring a large real count against a near-zero…

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Learn the underlying idea

An exponent tells how a base is used in multiplication. In x³, x is the base and 3 is the exponent: x³ = x × x × x.

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Sources cited in the article section

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