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Equation 3 · Part 2 · The Network Is the Computer Again

Symbol m

p−1m+p−1,\frac{p-1}{m+p-1},
mm

What this part means

m occurs below the fraction bar. The quantity above the bar is divided by this expression; zero is excluded as a denominator.

Its job in the formula

m occurs below the fraction bar. The quantity above the bar is divided by this expression; zero is excluded as a denominator.

The passage around this formula

…not bandwidth but idleness. GPipe’s contribution was to split each batch into micro-batches so that stages could work concurrently instead of waiting for a whole batch to traverse the pipeline [ 6 ] . With p stages and m micro-batches, the standard accounting gives a bubble fraction of p−1m+p−1\frac{p-1}{m+p-1}. which says the only cure for pipeline idleness is more micro-batches in flight, and micro-batches cost memory. Narayanan and colleagues composed tensor, pipeline and data parallelism together, reported 502…

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Learn the underlying idea

A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

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