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Equation 3 · Part 1 · The Network Is the Computer Again

Symbol p

p−1m+p−1,\frac{p-1}{m+p-1},
pp

What this part means

p is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Its job in the formula

p is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

The passage around this formula

…Its cost is not bandwidth but idleness. GPipe’s contribution was to split each batch into micro-batches so that stages could work concurrently instead of waiting for a whole batch to traverse the pipeline [ 6 ] . With p stages and m micro-batches, the standard accounting gives a bubble fraction of p−1m+p−1\frac{p-1}{m+p-1}. which says the only cure for pipeline idleness is more micro-batches in flight, and micro-batches cost memory. Narayanan and colleagues composed tensor, pipeline and data parallelism together,…

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