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Equation 4 · Part 10 · How Mechanistic Interpretability Research Is Actually Done

addition

p^θ(y∣aℓ)=σ ⁣(w⊤aℓ+b),θ={w,b},\hat p_\theta(y \mid a_\ell) = \sigma\!\left(w^{\top} a_\ell + b\right), \qquad \theta = \{w, b\},
addition

What this part means

Add the term after the plus sign to the term or group before it.

Its job in the formula

Add the term after the plus sign to the term or group before it.

The passage around this formula

The first concrete operation in almost any interpretability project is the least glamorous: run the model forward on a batch of inputs, and at some chosen point in the computation — a residual-stream position, an attention head’s output, a particular MLP layer — copy the activation tensor out before it is overwritten by the next step of the forward pass. This is extraction, and it produces nothing on its own beyond a large table of vectors. What turns it into evidence is probing: fitting a small, separately trained classifier to predict some property of interest directly from those vectors, while the model’s own weights stay frozen. Formally, for an activation aℓa_\ell read out at layer ℓ\ell…

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Learn the underlying idea

Addition combines quantities; subtraction measures the signed difference between them. Parentheses show what is combined before the rest of the expression is evaluated.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.