Equation 33 · Evolutionary Biology and Ecology in Practice: An Advanced Technical Guide
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What this means for study design , working backward from the estimator: . The genetic estimate and the demographic estimate from workflow one are not redundant. A mark-recapture study can show a stable or growing census count while an LD-based estimate reveals a much smaller effective size — a mismatch that is itself diagnostic, typically pointing to high variance in reproductive success (a few individuals contributing disproportionately to the next generation) or a historical bottleneck whose genetic signature outlasts the demographic recovery.
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