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Equation 30 · Part 2 · Evolutionary Biology and Ecology in Practice: An Advanced Technical Guide

superscript

r^2\hat{r}^2
superscript

What this part means

A raised number can be a power. When it is a label or bound, it selects a case or the upper limit of a sum; the formula’s structure distinguishes these uses.

Its job in the formula

A raised mark can be a power or an index. Its position and the surrounding notation determine which.

The passage around this formula

What this means for study design , working backward from the estimator: r^2\hat{r}^2. The genetic estimate and the demographic estimate from workflow one are not redundant. A mark-recapture study can show a stable or growing census count while an LD-based NeN_e estimate reveals a much smaller effective size — a mismatch that is itself diagnostic, typically pointing to high variance in reproductive success (a few individuals contributing disproportionately to the next generation) or a historical bottleneck whose genetic signature outlasts the demographic recovery.

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Learn the underlying idea

An exponent tells how a base is used in multiplication. In x³, x is the base and 3 is the exponent: x³ = x × x × x.

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Sources cited in the article section

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