Equation 30 · Evolutionary Biology and Ecology in Practice: An Advanced Technical Guide
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the mean squared correlation of allele frequencies across pairs of loci observed in the sample. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.
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Symbol hatr^2
the mean squared correlation of allele frequencies across pairs of loci observed in the sample.
superscript
A raised number can be a power. When it is a label or bound, it selects a case or the upper limit of a sum; the formula’s structure distinguishes these uses.
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What this means for study design , working backward from the estimator: . The genetic estimate and the demographic estimate from workflow one are not redundant. A mark-recapture study can show a stable or growing census count while an LD-based estimate reveals a much smaller effective size — a mismatch that is itself diagnostic, typically pointing to high variance in reproductive success (a few individuals contributing disproportionately to the next generation) or a historical bottleneck whose genetic signature outlasts the demographic recovery.
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