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Equation 1 · Part 3 · Edge AI Electronics and Sensor Systems in Practice: Quantization, Power Budgets, and Sensor Front Ends

Zero-point

r=S(q−Z),r = S \left( q - Z \right),
ZZ

What this part means

The integer code that stands for the real value zero. If Z = 10, then q = 10 decodes to r = 0 exactly. It shifts the integer code range left or right relative to real zero.

Its job in the formula

Z is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.

The passage around this formula

…made this practical for commodity hardware is an affine mapping between a real value and its stored integer, r=S(q−Z)r = S \left( q - Z \right). where r is the real-valued number, q is the stored integer, S > 0 is a scale factor, and Z is an integer zero-point chosen so that real zero maps exactly onto a representable integer — a detail that matters because operations like zero-padding and ReLU depend on zero being represented without rounding error. Jacob and colleagues showed that with this scheme, matrix multiplications and…

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Learn the underlying idea

The zero-point is the integer code chosen to mean the real value zero.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.

Further reading for this equation