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s=Δt/T≈4.1×10−10s = \Delta t/T \approx 4.1\times10^{-10}

Why this formula appears here

A loop opens, instead, whenever some edge’s own realization is not simply a difference of two corotating nodes’ W . The clearest documented case is the relativistic Sagnac effect: a synchronization or comparison signal that does not itself corotate with the network — a one-way satellite time transfer, or any path analyzed against a non-rotating inertial frame — picks up an explicit timing correction Δ\Delta tet_e = (2/c2c^2)\,Ω\boldsymbol\Omega ⋅\cdot Ae\mathbf A_e , where Ae\mathbf A_e is the area swept by that specific link’s path, projected onto Earth’s equatorial plane. That expression carries units of time, while an edge datum is a dimensionless log frequency ratio, so what actually enters the…

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s=Δt/T≈4.1×10−10s = \Delta t/T \approx 4.1\times10^{-10}

Equation 68 · Evolutionary Physics

The Bend an Elevator Cannot Fake

This equation gives an approximation: it relates the quantities while allowing an approximation.

A loop opens, instead, whenever some edge’s own realization is not simply a difference of two corotating nodes’ W . The clearest documented case is the relativistic Sagnac effect: a synchronization or comparison signal that does not itself corotate with the network — a one-way satellite time transfer, or any path analyzed against a non-rotating inertial frame — picks up an explicit timing correction Δ\Delta tet_e = (2/c2c^2)\,Ω\boldsymbol\Omega ⋅\cdot Ae\mathbf A_e , where Ae\mathbf A_e is the area swept by that specific link’s path, projected onto Earth’s equatorial plane. That expression carries units of time, while an edge datum is a dimensionless log frequency ratio, so what actually enters the…

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