$$\langle H_S \rangle(t) = (\hbar\omega/2)[\cos^2(gt) - \sin^2(gt)] = (\hbar\omega/2)\cos(2gt)$$

Equation 88 · Evolutionary Physics

The Entry a Relabeling Cannot Write

This equation states an equality: the expressions on both sides have the same value under the article’s assumptions.

the standard two-level exchange solution, exact for all t under this Hamiltonian. From it, $\langle$ $H_S$ $\rangle(t)$ = ($\hbar$$\omega$/2)[$\cos^2(gt)$ - $\sin^2(gt)$] = ($\hbar$$\omega$/2)$\cos(2gt)$ , while $\langle$ $H_f$ $\rangle$ is exactly time-independent — a general fact for any state evolving under its own generator, not special to this one — and equal here to $\langle$ e,g|$H_f$|e,g$\rangle$ = $\hbar$$\omega$/2 - $\hbar$$\omega$/2 + 0 = 0 , since $H_{SB}$ is purely off-diagonal in this basis. The ledger reading follows immediately:

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