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Published equation contexts

PUE=EfacilityEIT=1+Ecooling+Edistribution+EotherEIT\mathrm{PUE} = \frac{E_{\mathrm{facility}}}{E_{\mathrm{IT}}} = 1 + \frac{E_{\mathrm{cooling}} + E_{\mathrm{distribution}} + E_{\mathrm{other}}}{E_{\mathrm{IT}}}

Why this formula appears here

Power usage effectiveness is the industry’s one universally reported number: PUE=EfacilityEIT=1+Ecooling+Edistribution+EotherEIT\mathrm{PUE} = \frac{E_{\mathrm{facility}}}{E_{\mathrm{IT}}} = 1 + \frac{E_{\mathrm{cooling}} + E_{\mathrm{distribution}} + E_{\mathrm{other}}}{E_{\mathrm{IT}}}. Uptime Institute, which has collected the metric since its introduction by The Green Grid in 2007, reported a weighted average annual PUE of 1.54 across its 2025 respondent sample, “marking the sixth consecutive year that this headline figure has virtually stood still.” Beneath that flat average the sample separates: facilities commissioned within five years of the survey averaged 1.48, facilities of 20 MW and above averaged 1.44 globally, and 15% of respondents reported 1.3 or better [ 3 ] . Google, disclosing its own fleet, states that “in 2025, the average annual power usage effectiveness for…

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EfacilityE_{\mathrm{facility}}

Symbol E_facility

EfE_facility occurs above the fraction bar. The numerator is divided by the entire denominator below it.

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EITE_{\mathrm{IT}}

Symbol E_IT

EIE_IT occurs below the fraction bar. The quantity above the bar is divided by this expression; zero is excluded as a denominator.

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EcoolingE_{\mathrm{cooling}}

Symbol E_cooling

EcE_cooling occurs above the fraction bar. The numerator is divided by the entire denominator below it.

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EdistributionE_{\mathrm{distribution}}

Symbol E_distribution

EdE_distribution occurs above the fraction bar. The numerator is divided by the entire denominator below it.

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EotherE_{\mathrm{other}}

Symbol E_other

EoE_other occurs above the fraction bar. The numerator is divided by the entire denominator below it.

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Ecooling+Edistribution+EotherE_{\mathrm{cooling}} + E_{\mathrm{distribution}} + E_{\mathrm{other}}

Numerator: E_cooling + E_distribution + E_other

The complete quantity above the fraction bar.

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How to interpret it

With a fixed numerator, increasing a nonzero denominator reduces the fraction. Read it with the definitions, units, and assumptions supplied by the article.

Research cited beside this formula

Published contexts (1)

A symbol can carry a different meaning in another article. Each occurrence keeps its own guide and term definitions.

PUE=EfacilityEIT=1+Ecooling+Edistribution+EotherEIT.\mathrm{PUE} = \frac{E_{\mathrm{facility}}}{E_{\mathrm{IT}}} = 1 + \frac{E_{\mathrm{cooling}} + E_{\mathrm{distribution}} + E_{\mathrm{other}}}{E_{\mathrm{IT}}}.

Equation 12 · Datacenters & Infrastructure

The Physical Plant: Power, Cooling, and Networks in an AI Datacenter

This equation states an equality: the expressions on both sides have the same value under the article’s assumptions.

Power usage effectiveness is the industry’s one universally reported number: PUE=EfacilityEIT=1+Ecooling+Edistribution+EotherEIT\mathrm{PUE} = \frac{E_{\mathrm{facility}}}{E_{\mathrm{IT}}} = 1 + \frac{E_{\mathrm{cooling}} + E_{\mathrm{distribution}} + E_{\mathrm{other}}}{E_{\mathrm{IT}}}. Uptime Institute, which has collected the metric since its introduction by The Green Grid in 2007, reported a weighted average annual PUE of 1.54 across its 2025 respondent sample, “marking the sixth consecutive year that this headline figure has virtually stood still.” Beneath that flat average the sample separates: facilities commissioned within five years of the survey averaged 1.48, facilities of 20 MW and above averaged 1.44 globally, and 15% of respondents reported 1.3 or better [ 3 ] . Google, disclosing its own fleet, states that “in 2025, the average annual power usage effectiveness for…

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