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ra\mathbf r_a

Why this formula appears here

Start with the least controversial position anyone has ever assigned to an extended body: the Newtonian, mass-weighted centroid, RN\mathbf R_N = ∑a\sum_a mam_a ra\mathbf r_a / ∑a\sum_a mam_a , a sum over the body’s constituent mass elements mam_a at positions ra\mathbf r_a , evaluated at one common instant. That last clause is doing all the work relativity is about to object to. “One common instant” means one value of a time coordinate t shared by every term in the sum — the coordinate time of whichever inertial frame is doing the summing, not any single mass element’s own proper time along its own worldline — and which value of t counts as simultaneous with which is exactly the freedom special relativity…

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rar_a

Symbol r_a

rar_a is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

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ra\mathbf r_a

Equation 3 · Evolutionary Physics

The Atlas That Refuses to Close

This mathematical expression combines the displayed quantities; its precise role follows from the surrounding article text.

Start with the least controversial position anyone has ever assigned to an extended body: the Newtonian, mass-weighted centroid, RN\mathbf R_N = ∑a\sum_a mam_a ra\mathbf r_a / ∑a\sum_a mam_a , a sum over the body’s constituent mass elements mam_a at positions ra\mathbf r_a , evaluated at one common instant. That last clause is doing all the work relativity is about to object to. “One common instant” means one value of a time coordinate t shared by every term in the sum — the coordinate time of whichever inertial frame is doing the summing, not any single mass element’s own proper time along its own worldline — and which value of t counts as simultaneous with which is exactly the freedom special relativity…

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