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μ(x,t)\mu(x,t)

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where the first right-hand term carries the probability density along a deterministic drift μ(x,t)\mu(x,t) and the second spreads it by diffusion at rate D(x,t) [ 3 ] . Andrei Kolmogorov arrived at the identical equation independently in 1931, from pure probability theory, as the forward equation governing how the probability distribution of any continuous-time Markov process evolves [ 3 ] . Kolmogorov’s work also produced a companion equation, run backward in time from a fixed outcome rather than forward from a fixed start, that turns out to be the more convenient tool for asking what a process is heading toward rather than where it began — a distinction that mattered when the same mathematics…

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μ\mu

Symbol mu

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xx

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tt

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μ(x,t)\mu(x,t)

Equation 14 · Einstein & Evolution

Einstein's Random Walk and the Mathematics of Genetic Drift

This mathematical expression combines the displayed quantities; its precise role follows from the surrounding article text.

where the first right-hand term carries the probability density along a deterministic drift μ(x,t)\mu(x,t) and the second spreads it by diffusion at rate D(x,t) [ 3 ] . Andrei Kolmogorov arrived at the identical equation independently in 1931, from pure probability theory, as the forward equation governing how the probability distribution of any continuous-time Markov process evolves [ 3 ] . Kolmogorov’s work also produced a companion equation, run backward in time from a fixed outcome rather than forward from a fixed start, that turns out to be the more convenient tool for asking what a process is heading toward rather than where it began — a distinction that mattered when the same mathematics…

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