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$+1$

Why this formula appears here

At weak field this reduces to the familiar $y_{ij}$ $\approx$ ( $\Phi_i$ - $\Phi_j$ )/ $c^2$ for Newtonian potential $\Phi$ , exactly the quantity real fibre-linked clock comparisons already report [ 1 , 7 ] . Collect every measured edge into a vector y , one entry per link, and encode the network’s topology in an incidence matrix B : row e = (i,j) has a +1 in column i , a -1 in column j , and zero elsewhere. The model is y = B $\phi$ + n for measurement noise n with covariance C , and the standard weighted least-squares estimate of the node potentials is

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+1

Equation 20 · Evolutionary Physics

The Bend an Elevator Cannot Fake

This mathematical expression combines the displayed quantities; its precise role follows from the surrounding article text.

At weak field this reduces to the familiar $y_{ij}$ $\approx$ ( $\Phi_i$ - $\Phi_j$ )/ $c^2$ for Newtonian potential $\Phi$ , exactly the quantity real fibre-linked clock comparisons already report [ 1 , 7 ] . Collect every measured edge into a vector y , one entry per link, and encode the network’s topology in an incidence matrix B : row e = (i,j) has a +1 in column i , a -1 in column j , and zero elsewhere. The model is y = B $\phi$ + n for measurement noise n with covariance C , and the standard weighted least-squares estimate of the node potentials is

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+1

Equation 4 · Quantum Information

Error Correction Is the Whole Problem in Quantum Computing