Published equation contexts

$(T_{\mathrm{in}} - T_{\mathrm{out}})/T_{\mathrm{in}}$

Why this formula appears here

Kleidon’s framework treats this temperature drop the way an engineer treats any heat engine’s hot and cold reservoirs: the Carnot limit sets an absolute ceiling, ( $T_{\mathrm{in}}$ - $T_{\mathrm{out}}$ )/ $T_{\mathrm{in}}$ , on what fraction of the incoming energy flux could in principle be converted to usable work rather than simply thermalized, and almost none of Earth’s actual energy conversions get anywhere near that ceiling — atmospheric convection and the hydrologic cycle instead settle, empirically, near a maximum power point that trades efficiency for a sustainable throughput [ 13 ] . Two channels intercept solar energy before it thermalizes at all rather than converting already-thermalized…

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T_{\mathrm{in}}

Symbol T_in

$T_i$ n is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

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T_{\mathrm{out}}

Symbol T_out

$T_o$ ut is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

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Published contexts (1)

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(T_{\mathrm{in}} - T_{\mathrm{out}})/T_{\mathrm{in}}

Equation 19 · Evolutionary Physics

The Arrow of Time and the Engine of Evolution

This mathematical expression combines the displayed quantities; its precise role follows from the surrounding article text.

Kleidon’s framework treats this temperature drop the way an engineer treats any heat engine’s hot and cold reservoirs: the Carnot limit sets an absolute ceiling, ( $T_{\mathrm{in}}$ - $T_{\mathrm{out}}$ )/ $T_{\mathrm{in}}$ , on what fraction of the incoming energy flux could in principle be converted to usable work rather than simply thermalized, and almost none of Earth’s actual energy conversions get anywhere near that ceiling — atmospheric convection and the hydrologic cycle instead settle, empirically, near a maximum power point that trades efficiency for a sustainable throughput [ 13 ] . Two channels intercept solar energy before it thermalizes at all rather than converting already-thermalized…

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(Tin−Tout)/Tin(T_{\mathrm{in}} - T_{\mathrm{out}})/T_{\mathrm{in}}(Tin​−Tout​)/Tin​