Equation 10 · When the Substrate Became the Product
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Within its range of validity, the model explains the entire strategy of advanced packaging. Shorten and you reduce the wire term. Reduce the connector pitch and you shrink per wire while getting more wires per millimetre of die edge, so you can lower the per-wire data rate for the same aggregate bandwidth — and a lower rate lets you drop the swing and delete the equalisation circuitry. The gains compound, which is why the reported numbers for short-reach parallel interfaces are so far below what a long-reach serial link costs.
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