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Equation 9 · Part 1 · What Interpretability Actually Costs to Do at Scale

Symbol k

kk
kk

What this part means

the because published topk configurations keep.

Its job in the formula

k is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Where the article explains it

Because published TopK configurations keep k in the tens to low hundreds while n runs into the millions, n ≫\gg k and the encoding term dominates almost entirely: CSAEC_{\mathrm{SAE}} ≈\approx 2dnT .

The passage around this formula

Work out what that architecture actually spends compute on per token, because the two halves of it behave differently. The encoding step needs a score for every one of the n candidate latents before it can select the top k , so it is an unavoidably dense matrix multiply: roughly 2dn floating-point operations. The decoding step only touches the k latents that survived, so it is sparse: roughly 2dk operations. Summed and multiplied across T training tokens, a first-order compute model for training the dictionary is

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Sources cited in the article section

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