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Equation 23 · Part 3 · What an AI Accelerator Actually Is: Silicon, Packaging, and the Memory It Can Reach

multiplication

β⋅I\beta \cdot I
multiplication

What this part means

Multiply the quantities on either side.

Its job in the formula

Multiply the quantities on either side.

The passage around this formula

Bandwidth-limited throughput is the regime where achieved FLOPS is irrelevant because β\beta ⋅\cdot I is the binding term. Autoregressive decoding in a served language model is the clearest case: generating a single token requires streaming the model weights and the accumulated key-value cache out of memory, and performs only a small number of operations per byte read. The time per decoding step obeys

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Learn the underlying idea

Multiplication scales one quantity by another. A dot, a cross, or adjacent symbols can indicate a product.

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Sources cited in the article section

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.