Equation 21 · Part 2 · What Alignment Actually Costs
Symbol D
What this part means
D is an argument of the function-like quantity on the left; its role is set by that function’s stated inputs.
Its job in the formula
D is an argument of the function-like quantity on the left; its role is set by that function’s stated inputs.
Full expression→Symbol D→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
A useful, explicitly illustrative way to see the size of that gap is to price coverage directly as a scenario, not a reported figure: . the cost of testing D domains to an adequate depth h (in expert-hours per domain) at a specialist wage w . Anchoring h at roughly 150 hours, taken from Anthropic’s single-domain biosecurity effort, and w at a conservative 50 to 100 US dollars an hour for domain expertise — well below typical consulting rates for the…
Learn the underlying idea
A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.
Open the illustrated variables: a letter stands for a value guide →
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Sources cited in the article section
- [5] Red Teaming Language Models to Reduce Harms: Methods, Scaling Behaviors, and Lessons Learned ↗
- [6] GPT-4 System Card ↗
- [7] Frontier Threats Red Teaming for AI Safety ↗
- [8] Generative Red Team Recap ↗
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.