Equation 18 · Part 7 · What Alignment Actually Costs
subscript
subscript
What this part means
The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.
Its job in the formula
A subscript distinguishes a version, component, step, or member of a quantity. It does not automatically mean multiplication.
Full expression→subscript→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
Anthropic’s early red-teaming study gives the most granular public account of this labour market. The team recruited 324 crowdworkers, 307 through Mechanical Turk and 17 through Upwork, and collected 38,961 red-team attacks across model variants, with roughly 11,000 attacks logged against most model types [ 5 ] . Productivity was as concentrated as the labelling data above: about eighty percent of all attacks came from about fifty of the roughly three hundred workers. The paper’s central scaling finding is the one that matters most for this article’s argument — models trained with RLHF became significantly harder to red-team as they grew larger, while plain language models, prompted models,…
Learn the underlying idea
A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.
Open the illustrated subscripts: which member of a family? guide →
Sources cited in the surrounding passage
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.