Equation 18 · Part 3 · What Alignment Actually Costs
Symbol c
What this part means
the if a single red-team attempt costs.
Its job in the formula
c occurs above the fraction bar. The numerator is divided by the entire denominator below it.
Full expression→Symbol c→Article meaning
Where the article explains it
Put in economic terms, if a single red-team attempt costs c and succeeds with probability p , the expected cost of finding one more genuine failure is .
The passage around this formula
…harder to red-team as they grew larger, while plain language models, prompted models, and rejection-sampling models showed a flat trend with scale [ 5 ] . Put in economic terms, if a single red-team attempt costs c and succeeds with probability p , the expected cost of finding one more genuine failure is . Holding c roughly fixed at crowdworker wage rates, a falling p as RLHF hardens a model means the expected cost per discovered failure rises mechanically with every round of safety…
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Sources cited in the surrounding passage
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