← All parts of this equation

Equation 1 · Part 2 · What a Biosignature Has to Rule Out

Symbol G

Φ=G(nobs)−G(neq).\Phi = G(\mathbf{n}_{\mathrm{obs}}) - G(\mathbf{n}_{\mathrm{eq}}).
GG

What this part means

G is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.

Its job in the formula

G is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.

The passage around this formula

If no gas can be trusted individually, the natural move is to look for a property of the whole atmosphere. The most general candidate is thermodynamic disequilibrium: life is a persistent chemical engine, so a biosphere should hold its planet’s atmosphere away from the composition it would relax to if all permitted reactions ran to completion. The quantity is the available Gibbs energy — the difference between the free energy of the observed composition and that of its equilibrium state at the same elemental abundances, temperature and pressure: Φ=G(nobs)−G(neq)\Phi = G(\mathbf{n}_{\mathrm{obs}}) - G(\mathbf{n}_{\mathrm{eq}}). Krissansen-Totton, Olson and Catling computed this across Earth history and reported values that make the appeal obvious and…

Read this part in the article →

Learn the underlying idea

A function assigns an output to each allowed input. The expression f(x) means “apply f to x”.

Open the illustrated functions: inputs become outputs guide →

See this notation across published equations →

Sources cited in the surrounding passage

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.