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Equation 13 · Part 5 · The Atlas That Refuses to Close

Symbol T^αβ

Xμ(u,Σ)=∫Σxμ Tαβuα dΣβ∫ΣTαβuα dΣβ.X^\mu(u,\Sigma) = \frac{\int_\Sigma x^\mu\, T^{\alpha\beta}u_\alpha\, d\Sigma_\beta}{\int_\Sigma T^{\alpha\beta}u_\alpha\, d\Sigma_\beta}.
TαβT^{\alpha\beta}

What this part means

an energy-momentum density, units of energy per volume.

Its job in the formula

T^αβ is an input to the expression that computes the quantity on the left.

Where the article explains it

TαβT^{\alpha\beta} is an energy-momentum density, units of energy per volume; dΣβ\Sigma_\beta is a directed three-volume element on Σ\Sigma , units of volume; uαu_\alpha is dimensionless once normalized to uμu^\mu uμu_\mu = -1 ; xμx^\mu is a spacetime coordinate, units of length.

The passage around this formula

…be a spacelike hypersurface and uμu^\mu the four-velocity of the observer whose notion of simultaneity Σ\Sigma represents, with Σ\Sigma taken orthogonal to u . Replace the discrete sum with the body’s stress-energy tensor TαβT^{\alpha\beta} and define the energy centroid Xμ(u,Σ)=∫Σxμ Tαβuα dΣβ∫ΣTαβuα dΣβX^\mu(u,\Sigma) = \frac{\int_\Sigma x^\mu\, T^{\alpha\beta}u_\alpha\, d\Sigma_\beta}{\int_\Sigma T^{\alpha\beta}u_\alpha\, d\Sigma_\beta}. Every quantity here has a declared type. TαβT^{\alpha\beta} is an energy-momentum density, units of energy per volume; dΣβ\Sigma_\beta is a directed three-volume element on Σ\Sigma , units of volume; uαu_\alpha is dimensionless once…

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Learn the underlying idea

An exponent tells how a base is used in multiplication. In x³, x is the base and 3 is the exponent: x³ = x × x × x.

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See this notation across published equations →

Sources cited in the article section

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