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Equation 30 · Part 2 · The Network Is the Computer Again

Symbol q

Pslow=1−(1−q)p,P_{\mathrm{slow}} = 1 - (1-q)^{p},
qq

What this part means

the probability.

Its job in the formula

q is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.

Where the article explains it

If each participant independently exceeds its budget with probability q , the probability that at least one of p participants does so is Pslow=1−(1−q)pP_{\mathrm{slow}} = 1 - (1-q)^{p}.

The passage around this formula

…occasional slow responses, and a request that must wait on many servers is very likely to encounter one [ 18 ] . The arithmetic is unforgiving. If each participant independently exceeds its budget with probability q , the probability that at least one of p participants does so is Pslow=1−(1−q)pP_{\mathrm{slow}} = 1 - (1-q)^{p}. so at a one-percent per-participant rate and 100 participants, roughly 63 percent of collectives are affected — and at 1,000 participants, essentially all of them. That is my own arithmetic on an independence…

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Learn the underlying idea

A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

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