Equation 3 · Part 6 · The Frontier Model Landscape in 2035: Four Scenarios, Their Signals, and What Would Falsify Them
subtraction
subtraction
What this part means
Subtract the following term or group from the preceding one. A leading minus marks a negative quantity.
Its job in the formula
Subtract the following term or group from the preceding one. A leading minus marks a negative quantity.
Full expression→subtraction→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
Write for the cost of the largest training run in year t . Epoch’s estimate is well approximated by simple exponential growth, . with g between roughly two-point-four and three-point-five depending on method and window [ 5 , 6 ] . The form matters more than the exact rate: exponential cost growth does not by itself predict consolidation. It predicts a shrinking count of organisations able to clear an ever-rising bar only if the pool of adequately capitalised entrants grows more slowly than . Whether that pool keeps pace is a question about capital markets and state investment, not something the cost curve alone answers — which is exactly why axis…
Learn the underlying idea
Addition combines quantities; subtraction measures the signed difference between them. Parentheses show what is combined before the rest of the expression is evaluated.
Open the illustrated addition and subtraction in an equation guide →
Sources cited in the article section
- [8] 2025: The State of Generative AI in the Enterprise ↗
- [12] Anthropic Overtakes OpenAI in B2B Adoption for the First Time, According to Ramp Spending Data ↗
- [5] The Rising Costs of Training Frontier AI Models ↗
- [6] Key Trends and Figures in Machine Learning ↗
- [7] FTC Staff Report on AI Partnerships & Investments 6(b) Study (Partnerships Between Cloud Service Providers and AI Developers) ↗
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.