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Equation 19 · Part 15 · The Economics and Physical Limits of Running AI Agents at Scale

subscript

Cn=∑i=1nci=n pin(τ+δ)+pin σ n(n−1)2+n pout oˉC_n = \sum_{i=1}^{n} c_i = n\,p_{\text{in}}(\tau+\delta) + p_{\text{in}}\,\sigma\,\frac{n(n-1)}{2} + n\,p_{\text{out}}\,\bar{o}
subscript

What this part means

The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.

Its job in the formula

A subscript distinguishes a version, component, step, or member of a quantity. It does not automatically mean multiplication.

The passage around this formula

Summed over an n -step trajectory, that gives Cn=∑i=1nci=n pin(τ+δ)+pin σ n(n−1)2+n pout oˉC_n = \sum_{i=1}^{n} c_i = n\,p_{\text{in}}(\tau+\delta) + p_{\text{in}}\,\sigma\,\frac{n(n-1)}{2} + n\,p_{\text{out}}\,\bar{o}. The middle term is the one that matters. It grows as n(n-1)/2 — quadratically in step count — while the other two terms grow only linearly. For a short loop, the quadratic term is negligible next to the fixed tax and the output cost. For a long one, it dominates completely, and no amount of shrinking τ\tau or oˉ\bar{o} changes that; the loop’s own length has become the largest line item, all by itself.

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Learn the underlying idea

A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.

Open the illustrated subscripts: which member of a family? guide →

Sources cited in the article section

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