subtraction

The passage around this formula

A language model layer changes which quantity absorbs the shock, and this article proposes an honest, explicitly illustrative extension rather than a fitted one — none of the terms below has an agreed measurement procedure, and the point of writing it down is only to make plain which quantities any claim about the year 2100 is actually a claim about: $C_{t+1} = \rho_t C_t + I_t - L_t + M_t$. $M_t$ is the net machine-mediated contribution: positive where model-assisted re-emission genuinely helps a human originator reach or refine an audience they could not otherwise reach, negative where it substitutes synthetic recombination for content that would otherwise have required, and thereby preserved, a human…

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