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The passage around this formula

Compression pays mostly $C_{\text{reuse}}$ , a documented small fraction of a from-scratch training cost [ 3 ] , but only if a suitable large model is available to reuse in the first place. Training small on purpose pays $C_{\text{curate}}$ and $C_{\text{train}}$ in full, with no discount, in exchange for a model that inherits nothing it was not deliberately given. Architecture search pays $C_{\text{search}}$ , which can be enormous when paid fresh per target [ 7 ] or amortized across many targets when paid once as a supernet [ 10 ] , on top of whatever strategy trains the architecture it discovers. Sparse mixture-of-experts is the odd one out in this accounting: its saving shows up only in \bar…

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