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Equation 11 · Part 4 · Radioactive Clocks: How Nuclear Physics Gave Evolution Its Time

Symbol N_86

Rt=R0+N87N86(eλt−1),R_t = R_0 + \frac{N_{87}}{N_{86}}\left(e^{\lambda t} - 1\right),
N86N_{86}

What this part means

each mineral’s measured rubidium-87 to strontium-86 ratio [ 18 ].

Its job in the formula

N8N_86 occurs below the fraction bar. The quantity above the bar is divided by this expression; zero is excluded as a denominator.

Where the article explains it

where RtR_t is each mineral’s measured present-day strontium-87 to strontium-86 ratio, R0R_0 is the shared initial ratio recovered as the line’s intercept, and N87N_{87}/N86N_{86} is each mineral’s measured rubidium-87 to strontium-86 ratio [ 18 ] .

The passage around this formula

The uranium-lead and argon-argon methods both need to know, or be able to ignore, how much daughter isotope was already present when the mineral formed. The isochron method, used most often with the rubidium-strontium and samarium-neodymium systems, solves this by measuring several minerals from the same rock, each of which crystallized from the same well-mixed magma at the same time and so began with the same strontium or neodymium isotopic composition, but which incorporated different amounts of the radioactive parent isotope depending on their individual chemistry. Plotting each mineral’s present-day ratio of radiogenic daughter to stable reference isotope against its ratio of parent to…

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Learn the underlying idea

A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

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