← All parts of this equation

Equation 31 · Part 9 · OpenAI Model Systems from First Principles: Weights, Post-Training, and Inference Compute

=

s=f(θ, e, P, H, S, t),s = f(\theta,\ e,\ \mathcal{P},\ \mathcal{H},\ \mathcal{S},\ t),
=

What this part means

The expressions on both sides represent the same quantity under the stated assumptions.

Its job in the formula

The equals sign connects the complete expression on the left with the complete expression on the right. Both sides must have compatible units.

The passage around this formula

Collect the moving parts and the measurement problem becomes plain. An observed score s is produced by s=f(θ, e, P, H, S, t)s = f(\theta,\ e,\ \mathcal{P},\ \mathcal{H},\ \mathcal{S},\ t). with weights θ\theta , reasoning effort e , prompt and decoding configuration P\mathcal{P} , evaluation harness H\mathcal{H} , serving stack S\mathcal{S} , and date t . A published number fixes s and usually reports only part of θ\theta and t . The system is underdetermined : many configurations produce the same score, and the same configuration produces different scores on different dates.

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Learn the underlying idea

An equals sign says that the expression on its left and the expression on its right have the same value under the stated definitions and assumptions.

Open the illustrated equality: what the equals sign claims guide →

The article lists its research sources here.