Equation 31 · OpenAI Model Systems from First Principles: Weights, Post-Training, and Inference Compute
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This equation states an equality: the expressions on both sides have the same value under the article’s assumptions. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.
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Symbol f
f is an input to the expression that computes the quantity on the left.
=
The expressions on both sides represent the same quantity under the stated assumptions.
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What the article says around this equation
Collect the moving parts and the measurement problem becomes plain. An observed score s is produced by . with weights , reasoning effort e , prompt and decoding configuration , evaluation harness , serving stack , and date t . A published number fixes s and usually reports only part of and t . The system is underdetermined : many configurations produce the same score, and the same configuration produces different scores on different dates.
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