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Equation 1 · Part 8 · One Tree: The Statistics of Common Descent

subscript

K=P(D∣MUCA)P(D∣MIO)K = \frac{P(D \mid M_{\text{UCA}})}{P(D \mid M_{\text{IO}})}
subscript

What this part means

The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.

Its job in the formula

A subscript distinguishes a version, component, step, or member of a quantity. It does not automatically mean multiplication.

The passage around this formula

The logic of that adjudication reduces to one ratio. For sequence data compared under a universal-common-ancestry model against an independent-origins model, K=P(D∣MUCA)P(D∣MIO)K = \frac{P(D \mid M_{\text{UCA}})}{P(D \mid M_{\text{IO}})}. and K , the Bayes factor, states exactly how many times more probable the observed data D are under one model than the other - not a correlation coefficient, not a subjective sense of resemblance, but a single number with a precise probabilistic meaning that can in principle come out favouring either model. For the proteins Theobald examined, it was not close. Universal common ancestry came out favoured over the closest competing multiple-ancestry hypothesis by odds reported on the order of ten to the power of two…

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Learn the underlying idea

A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.

Open the illustrated subscripts: which member of a family? guide →

Sources cited in the surrounding passage

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.