Equation 12 · Part 1 · Measuring Frontier Models: Contamination, Variance, and What a Score Can Support
Symbol n
What this part means
n is part of the quantity the equation computes from the expression on the right.
Its job in the formula
n is part of the quantity the equation computes from the expression on the right.
Full expression→Symbol n→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
which for p 0.5 and n = 200 is about 3.5 percentage points — before adding any run-to-run generation variance, and before accounting for the fact that benchmark items are not independent. A reported two-point difference between two systems on such a suite is not evidence of anything.
Learn the underlying idea
A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.
Open the illustrated variables: a letter stands for a value guide →
See this notation across published equations →
Sources cited in the article section
- [10] Model guidance ↗
- [8] DeepSeek-R1 Incentivizes Reasoning in LLMs through Reinforcement Learning ↗
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.