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Equation 4 · Part 2 · Measuring AI Agent Architectures: Evidence, Benchmarks, and Uncertainty

superscript

p8p^8
superscript

What this part means

A raised number can be a power. When it is a label or bound, it selects a case or the upper limit of a sum; the formula’s structure distinguishes these uses.

Its job in the formula

A raised mark can be a power or an index. Its position and the surrounding notation determine which.

The passage around this formula

tau-bench’s reported results are worse than even that pessimistic independence assumption predicts: the authors report pass8s^8 below 25% in the retail domain, a figure that is lower than p8p^8 would be if the single-trial success rate were applied under a true-independence assumption [ 6 ] . That gap is the signature of correlated rather than independent failure — the same underlying policy tends to fail the same task in the same way on repeated attempts, rather than failing at random and averaging out. AgentBench’s broader finding, that poor long-horizon reasoning and imprecise instruction-following are the primary obstacles separating commercial from open-source agents [ 7 ] , is consistent…

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Learn the underlying idea

An exponent tells how a base is used in multiplication. In x³, x is the base and 3 is the exponent: x³ = x × x × x.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

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