Equation 133 · The Clock That Comes Back Wrong by Exactly Its Mass
What does this equation mean?
Read the formula alongside the article passage below. Each part has a deeper page with its role in the equation, the supporting passage and nearby citations.
This equation gives an approximation: it relates the quantities while allowing an approximation. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.
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Symbol Δτ
Δτ is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
Symbol g
g is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
Symbol Δ z
Δ z is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
Symbol T
T is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
change
Capital delta attached to a quantity marks a difference between two values of that quantity; the article’s sign convention determines the order.
superscript
A raised number can be a power. When it is a label or bound, it selects a case or the upper limit of a sum; the formula’s structure distinguishes these uses.
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Its accuracy depends on the assumptions and range of use described in the article.
What the article says around this equation
No experiment has run the differential two-height, two-internal-state protocol at the meter-and-second scale used illustratively above; it remains a proposal, not a result [ 10 , 11 ] . What existing data already constrain is the space this construction is allowed to occupy. Dual-species atom-interferometric tests of the weak equivalence principle have matched the free-fall trajectories of different atomic species to extraordinary precision by actively canceling the very laser/recoil terms this paper identifies as confounds, which is direct evidence that no large anomalous mass-dependence is hiding in the dominant phase term this construction must avoid [ 12 ] . Separately, ordinary…
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No experiment has run the differential two-height, two-internal-state protocol at the meter-and-second scale used illustratively above; it remains a proposal, not a result [ 10 , 11 ] . What existing data already constrain is the space this construction is allowed to occupy. Dual-species atom-interferometric tests of the weak equivalence principle have matched the free-fall trajectories of different atomic species to extraordinary precision by actively canceling the very laser/recoil terms this paper identifies as confounds, which is direct evidence that no large anomalous mass-dependence is hiding in the dominant phase term this construction must avoid [ 12 ] . Separately, ordinary macroscopic clock comparisons across height differences already confirm the leading coefficient of gravitational redshift to high precision through completely classical (non-interferometric) means, constraining g\, z\,T/ itself rather than the interferometric phase built from it.
Sources cited in the surrounding passage
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