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Equation 9 · Part 2 · How AI Models Learned to Use Tools: A Protocol History

Symbol N

M×NM \times N
NN

What this part means

N is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Its job in the formula

N is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

The passage around this formula

…technical result but because switching costs increasingly favor the specification with foundation-level, multi-vendor governance over any single company’s dialect. The assumption behind this forecast is that the M ×\times N integration cost named above continues to bind as more hosts and more tools are built, making a shared protocol progressively cheaper relative to bespoke wrappers even for teams with no particular loyalty to any one vendor. Disconfirmed if , by the horizon, a majority of newly launched agent…

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