Equation 10 · How AI Datacenter Interconnects Actually Work
What does this equation mean?
Read the formula alongside the article passage below. Each part has a deeper page with its role in the equation, the supporting passage and nearby citations.
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Symbol R_line
ine is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
subscript
The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.
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What the article says around this equation
Modern high-rate Ethernet lanes use PAM4 modulation: instead of encoding one bit per symbol as ordinary NRZ signaling does, PAM4 uses four distinct voltage levels to encode two bits per symbol, so a lane’s bit rate runs at twice its baud (symbol) rate rather than matching it one for one. Writing for the symbol rate and for the resulting line rate,
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