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Equation 5 · Part 8 · From Origins to Frontier: A History of Chiplets and Advanced Packaging

superscript

Ypkg=Yassy∏i=1NYi.Y_{\text{pkg}} = Y_{\text{assy}} \prod_{i=1}^{N} Y_i .
superscript

What this part means

A raised number can be a power. When it is a label or bound, it selects a case or the upper limit of a sum; the formula’s structure distinguishes these uses.

Its job in the formula

A raised mark can be a power or an index. Its position and the surrounding notation determine which.

The passage around this formula

The arithmetic behind that reputation is straightforward and still governs every multi-die package built today. A packaged part’s yield is not the yield of its worst component; it is the product of every component’s yield together with the yield of the assembly step that joins them. Write the package yield YpkgY_{\text{pkg}} as a function of the assembly yield YassyY_{\text{assy}} and the yield YiY_i of each of N individual die placed into the package: Ypkg=Yassy∏i=1NYiY_{\text{pkg}} = Y_{\text{assy}} \prod_{i=1}^{N} Y_i . Multiplication is unforgiving at scale. Every die added to a package is another factor less than one, so a package holding several die each individually manufactured at a very respectable yield can still fail at an uncomfortable rate…

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Learn the underlying idea

An exponent tells how a base is used in multiplication. In x³, x is the base and 3 is the exponent: x³ = x × x × x.

Open the illustrated exponents: repeated multiplication and powers guide →

Sources cited in the surrounding passage

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.