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Equation 9 · Evolutionary Biology and Ecology in Practice: An Advanced Technical Guide

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pp

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pp

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Trap layout and spacing relative to home range. If trap spacing is much larger than the study animal’s home range, individuals near the grid edge are captured less often not because of any biological difference but because part of their range falls outside the grid — an edge effect that inflates apparent heterogeneity in p unless a buffer strip or explicitly spatial model absorbs it.

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