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Equation 22 · Error Correction Is the Whole Problem in Quantum Computing

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pp

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well below pthp_{\mathrm{th}} , not marginally below it. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.

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Symbol p

well below pthp_{\mathrm{th}} , not marginally below it.

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It does not promise that operating below threshold is sufficient. Below threshold, increasing d suppresses logical error. The suppression is exponential in d but the prefactor matters enormously in practice, and the useful regime is reached only when p is well below pthp_{\mathrm{th}} , not marginally below it. Near threshold, the exponent is small and the overhead explodes.

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