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The passage around this formula

$D_\Lambda$ is Hermitian on $\mathcal H_f$ — a positive, unital map applied to a self-adjoint input stays self-adjoint — and it carries units of energy, since both terms do. Its state-dependent reading, $\Delta E_\Lambda(\rho) := \mathrm{Tr}[\rho D_\Lambda]$. is a real number in units of energy for every fine state $\rho$ : how much the coarse description, evaluated through $H_c$ pulled back along $\Lambda$ , disagrees with the fine description’s own $H_f$ , for that specific state. Because expectation values determine a Hermitian operator uniquely — two Hermitian operators with the same trace against every density matrix are the same operator — the strongest statement follows at once: $\Delta$ $E_\Lambda(\rho)$ = 0 for every fine state $\rho$…

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