← Back to article

Equation 114 · The Entry a Relabeling Cannot Write

What does this equation mean?

∣ψ′(t)⟩|\psi'(t)\rangle

Read the formula alongside the article passage below. Each part has a deeper page with its role in the equation, the supporting passage and nearby citations.

This mathematical expression combines the displayed quantities; its precise role follows from the surrounding article text. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.

Read it piece by piece

ψ\psi

Symbol psi

psi is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Understand this part →

tt

Symbol t

t is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Understand this part →

How to interpret it

Read this expression with the definitions, units, and assumptions supplied by the article.

What the article says around this equation

so the operator that actually generates |ψ\psi'(t)⟩\rangle ’s evolution is Hc(t)H_c(t) := UHfH_fU†U^\dagger + iℏ\hbarU˙\dot U U†U^\dagger , not the bare conjugate UHfH_fU†U^\dagger alone. The extra piece, iℏ\hbarU˙\dot U U†U^\dagger , is Hermitian — differentiating UU†U^\dagger = I gives U˙\dot U U†U^\dagger = -UU˙†\dot U^\dagger , so (iℏ\hbarU˙\dot U U†U^\dagger)^†\dagger = -iℏ\hbar UU˙†\dot U^\dagger = iℏ\hbar U˙\dot U U†U^\dagger — and it carries units of energy, ℏ\hbar times a rate. Call its expectation value the frame’s inertial term, Δframe(t)\Delta_{\rm frame}(t) := iℏ\hbar⟨\langleU˙(t)\dot U(t) U(t)^†\dagger⟩\rangle .

Read the equation in its article →

Sources cited in the article section

These citations give research context. Read each source to check which claims it supports.

Return to The Entry a Relabeling Cannot Write

See this formula across 1 published context →

Browse the mathematical compendium →