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Equation 7 · Part 3 · Dense, Sparse, and Distilled: Comparing Approaches to Frontier Model Capacity

Symbol D

C≈6NDC \approx 6ND
DD

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D is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Its job in the formula

D is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

The passage around this formula

The dense route is the baseline: more parameters, more data, more compute, with C ≈\approx 6ND . Kaplan and colleagues established that loss falls as a power law in each of these over many orders of magnitude [ 2 ] , and the field spent several years reading that as a mandate to grow N .

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