Equation 5 · Part 3 · Dense, Sparse, and Distilled: Comparing Approaches to Frontier Model Capacity
=
=
What this part means
The expressions on both sides represent the same quantity under the stated assumptions.
Its job in the formula
The equals sign connects the complete expression on the left with the complete expression on the right. Both sides must have compatible units.
Full expression→=→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
Fix the vocabulary first. Let N be total parameters, the parameters actually used to process a given token, D training tokens, and M the memory that must be resident to serve. For the dense decoder-only transformer that remains the default architecture [ 1 ] , = N and M N . Every method below breaks one of those two identities, and which one it breaks determines what it is good for.
Learn the underlying idea
An equals sign says that the expression on its left and the expression on its right have the same value under the stated definitions and assumptions.
Open the illustrated equality: what the equals sign claims guide →
Sources cited in the surrounding passage
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.