Equation 23 · Part 2 · Dense, Sparse, and Distilled: Comparing Approaches to Frontier Model Capacity
subscript
subscript
What this part means
The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.
Its job in the formula
A subscript distinguishes a version, component, step, or member of a quantity. It does not automatically mean multiplication.
Full expression→subscript→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
What quantisation breaks: bytes per parameter, and quietly, the served distribution. Read down the memory column and the current landscape explains itself. Memory bandwidth is the binding constraint in serving, so the methods that reduce resident bytes — distillation, quantisation, cache-shrinking attention — are the ones that move price, while the method that reduces training cost — sparsity — moves what is feasible to build. They are complementary, not competing, and production systems use all four at once.
Learn the underlying idea
A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.
Open the illustrated subscripts: which member of a family? guide →
Sources cited in the article section
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.