Equation 18 · Dense, Sparse, and Distilled: Comparing Approaches to Frontier Model Capacity
What does this equation mean?
Read the formula alongside the article passage below. Each part has a deeper page with its role in the equation, the supporting passage and nearby citations.
This mathematical expression combines the displayed quantities; its precise role follows from the surrounding article text. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.
Read it piece by piece
Symbol M
M is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
How to interpret it
Read this expression with the definitions, units, and assumptions supplied by the article.
What the article says around this equation
Distillation attacks M directly. Hinton, Vinyals, and Dean set out the mechanism: train a small student to match the full output distribution of a large teacher rather than the hard labels, on the grounds that the teacher’s relative probabilities over incorrect classes carry information the labels do not [ 6 ] . The student learns a smoothed, information-rich target that is easier to fit than the raw task.
Sources cited in the surrounding passage
These citations give research context. Read each source to check which claims it supports.
Return to Dense, Sparse, and Distilled: Comparing Approaches to Frontier Model Capacity